Nile Journal for Agricultural Sciences

A Preliminary Survey of Wild Flora of Atbara City- River Nile State - Sudan

2025-12-01T11:08:50+00:00

This study was conducted in Atbara City, River Nile State, with the primary objectives of compiling a preliminary checklist of wild plant species, analyzing their taxonomic diversity and growth forms, contributing to the updating of Sudan’s flora, and providing baseline data to support future ecological and applied studies on urban flora in Sudan A total of 103 angiosperm species belonging to 33 families were recorded—29 dicotyledonous and 4 monocotyledonous families. The Fabaceae was the most represented family, comprising 12 species, followed by Poaceae (Gramineae) with 10.species, and both Amaranthaceae and Asteraceae with 8 species each.The majority of the recorded species (84.5%) were herbs, while trees and shrubs constituted 15.5%. The most dominant species observed in the study area were Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand., Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf., Senna alexandrina Mill.and Senna italica Mill. The outcomes of this research establish a baseline for future studies, including quantitative ecological assessments, and invasive species monitoring. It is recommended that future research focus on examining the ecological functions, ethnobotanical relevance, and potential economic

Chemical constituents study of Umm glagil ( Aristolochia bracteolata) and antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi

2025-12-01T11:08:50+00:00

(Aristolochia bracteolata) is widespread used herb in African countries including Sudan. It is as one of the most effective plant for remedies of infectious diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the secondary metabolites of Umm glagil (Aristolochia bracteolata) in the root and different parts of shoot system such as leave , stems and bark, as well as to study of biological activity as antibacterial against important pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella typhi). Different solvents system and aqueous extracts with different concentration (50g/500/ml) and (0.00, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100 mg/ml) were used. Qualitative analysis were carried out to investigate phytochemical constituents of different parts then after, disc diffusion method (inhibition zone), was used to determinate the sensitivity of the bacteria to the extracts. The phytochemical analysis showed that the extracts of Umm glagil leaf and stem contained flavonoids at moderate concentration, while, flavonones/ flavonols and saponins recorded high concentration in stem. The Methanolic, ethyl acetate, ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts of Umm glagil were more effective against the bacteria than the other solvents giving (1.9, 1.7, 1.3, 1.2 cm) diameters, in order. This study indicated that Umm glagil can be used as antibacterial agents.

Effects of Gamma Radiation on Germination, Plant Height and Seed Viability of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

2025-12-01T11:08:50+00:00

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of gamma radiation on germination at 15 days after sowing, plant height at 15 and 30 days after sowing, and seed viability in okra. Seeds were exposed to 0 (control), 200, 300, 400, and 500 Gy of gamma rays. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were observed in plant height at 15 days after sowing, and highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) in germination and plant height at 30 days after sowing. However, high gamma doses of 400 and 500Gy markedly decreased the number of viable seeds while increasing unviable seeds. Low doses (200 and 300Gy) had no significant effects on seed viability compared to the control. A strong linear relationship was found between radiation dose and seed viability (R² = 0.94) and between dose and seed unviability (R² = 0.95). Increasing radiation doses significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced and delayed seed viability, resulting in a 27% decline (from 100% in the control to 73% at 500 Gy). The results indicate that low doses of gamma radiation are non-detrimental to seed viability, while higher doses substantially impair germination and early growth in okra. Overall, these findings suggest that high gamma doses (≥ 500Gy) are detrimental to germination and growth, while moderate doses (200-400Gy) maintain viability and can even enhance growth through hormetic effects. Such information is valuable for optimizing gamma irradiation in mutation breeding programs aimed at generating variability without severely compromising seedling performance

Impact of Drip irrigation Regimes and Surface Irrigation on the Yield and Water Productivity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Khartoum State, Sudan

2025-12-01T11:08:50+00:00

Irrigation water management practices are the main strategies for improving water productivity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drip irrigation systems with three irrigation levels of total water requirement (100%, 75%, and 50%) on the water productivity of two varieties of garlic (V1 Baladi and V2 Egyptian) compared with furrow irrigation (control). The treatments are two irrigation type furrow irrigation (C) and 3 level of drip irrigation system (D1 100, D2 75and D350). The field experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replicates. The results showed that taller plant and the highest number of leaves were recorded with drip irrigation of 100% ETc for both seasons compared to other treatments. Higher yields were produced with 100% ETc under drip irrigation, while the lowest yields were recorded with 50%ETc and surface irrigation in both seasons. Moreover, the highest values of water productivity and economic water productivity were obtained under 50% ETc. Drip irrigation with 100% ETc was the most economic and had a higher net benefit

Physiochemical assessment of released tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) varieties to Sudanese environment

2025-12-01T11:08:50+00:00

This study aimed to perform comparative evaluation for physical, chemical, nutritional and sensory parameters with three released tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) varieties for Sudan climate; Castle Rock, Dar-mali and Zahrat Elneel. There was some variation observed in chemical and physical characteristics between the three varieties. The three varieties were medium-size to small, round to ellipsoid, red to orange-red in colour. In terms of chemical composition, the dry matter was 6.0, 5.7 and 5.0%, total soluble solids was 5.1, 5.1 and 4.5%, ash was 5.48, 5.8 and 7.78%, fiber was 9.72, 6.43 and 14.66%, total sugars were 20.94, 20.0 and 20.3%, titratable acidity was 0.26, 0.2 and 0.3% for Dar-mali, Castle Rock and Zahrat Elneel, respectively. The level of lycopene and β-carotene were assessed in the three varieties in the levels of 12.877-15.63 and 7.92-8.87 mg/100g, respectively. The mineral composition of tested varieties was obtained and compared to their RDA. The most abundant mineral was K (299-416 mg/100g) which was more than its RDA. Appropriate amounts of Na and Mg were found. However, varieties were low in Ca. Among micro-elements, appropriate amounts of Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn were also detected. Fruits were organoleptically assessed. The three tested fruits gained high level of overall acceptability (91.1-92.71%).

Response of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) grown as intercropping and sole crop to inter-row spacing under rain-fed conditions in the Blue Nile Region, Sudan

2025-12-01T11:08:51+00:00

The experiment was conducted at Damazin Research Station Farm during the autumn seasons of 2019 and 2020, to evaluate the effect of inter-row spacing on Roselle and Soybean grown as intercropping and a sole under rain-fed conditions. A 2x2 factorial experiment arrangement in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. The two factors were two inter-row spacing (60 and 80 cm) and planting methods (intercropping and sole cropping). Data collected included growth parameters (plant height and number of branches and yield components. Yield parameters at harvest included Roselle calyces yield, Roselle seed yield and soybean seed yield, all measured in tons per hectare (t ha -1). The Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was calculated to assess the yield advantage of intercropping. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GenStat computer statistical package. Intercropping resulted in a yield reduction of less than 50% for Roselle calyces, Roselle seed yield and soybean seed yield. The LER values consistently exceeded 1.0, indicating that intercropping was more efficient than sole cropping in resources utilization.

Training Needs of Agricultural Extension Workers, Ministry of Production and Economic Resources, Sinnar State, Sudan

2025-12-01T11:08:51+00:00

This study assessed the competency and training needs of agricultural extension workers in Sinnar State, aiming to enhance their performance in delivering timely extension work and expert-recommended messages. The entire population of extension workers in the Ministry of Production and Economic Resources was surveyed (N=48). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), calculating frequencies, percentages, and weighted means to identify specific training requirements. Key findings revealed that while 72.1% of the workers held a bachelor’s degree, significant skill gaps existed in communication and administrative tasks. Only 62.5% of extension workers demonstrated proficiency in executing agricultural programs and writing reports. Furthermore, a minority were skilled in media preparation, with only 35.4% capable of preparing agricultural radio programs and 33.3% able to write newspaper articles. Based on these results, it is recommended that the agricultural extension directorate implement targeted training programs in coordination with experts and media directorates. Training should focus on improving skills in formal meetings, using instructional aids, writing detailed reports, and preparing content suitable for various mass media channels, including pamphlets, magazines, radio, and television programs