مجلة النيل للآداب والعلوم الإنسانية

The Legal Status of Displaced Persons in International Humanitarian Law The Case of Sudan

علي أونور إبراهيم — 2026-01-15

This study examines the legal status of internally displaced persons (IDPs) under the rules of International Humanitarian Law, focusing on Sudan as a case study of armed conflicts that generate widespread displacement. The paper highlights the international legal framework for the protection of IDPs, as well as the pivotal role played by the International Committee of the Red Cross in providing protection, humanitarian assistance, and disseminating the principles of international humanitarian law. The study also reviews the challenges facing the implementation of these rules, given the absence of a binding international authority and the weakness of national mechanisms. It analyzes the role of both national and international judiciaries—particularly the International Criminal Court—in prosecuting violations. The paper concludes by stressing the need to harmonize Sudanese legislation with international obligations and to enhance coordination between national and international actors to ensure effective protection for internally displaced persons.

The Role of Applying Artificial Intelligence on Leaders' Capabilities in Achieving Organizational Goals. An Evaluation Study of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Public and Private Sector Work Environment

رحاب محمد رباح رحمة — 2026-01-15

Workplaces have witnessed significant transformations due to artificial intelligence (AI), which has reshaped traditional leadership concepts by enhancing predictive capabilities, data analysis, and decision-making support. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI on leaders' roles and approaches to mentoring, empowering teams, and achieving organizational goals. The importance of the study stems from the need for a strategic, organizational, and technical understanding of the impact of AI on corporate leadership. The study sought to achieve several objectives, most notably: analyzing the role of AI in changing leadership styles, identifying the leadership skills required in the digital age, exploring its impact on decision-making processes, and identifying the challenges facing leaders when integrating AI into the workplace. The descriptive, analytical, and exploratory approach was adopted. The hypotheses included a positive relationship between managerial intelligence and digital leadership efficiency, interaction with artificial intelligence tools, and decision-making accuracy. The study adopted a descriptive, analytical, and exploratory approach and reached the most prominent results: a direct relationship between the use of artificial intelligence and improved leadership practices, a widening gap between technical and traditional leaders, and enhanced effectiveness of participatory leadership. The study recommended assessing leaders' managerial intelligence, developing AI tools that support leadership, adopting a national strategy for digitally qualifying leaders, integrating management intelligence development programs into leadership development, and encouraging joint applied research. This study contributes to understanding leadership transformations in light of artificial intelligence and offers practical proposals for developing future leadership practices.

The Role of Social Responsibility Management at Petrolines Company in Developing the Local Community in the Eastern Sector – Sudan

ماريا أبيه يوسف — 2026-01-15

The study examines the level of awareness among members of the local community regarding the impact of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs implemented by Petrolines for Crude Oil Ltd. in the Eastern Sector during the period from 2014 to 2024. This is explored through a set of indicators related to the development realities across areas affected by the company's presence. The study aims at investigating the role of CSR management by analyzing the policies and practices of a petroleum sector institution in Sudan, focusing on main areas of responsibility such as health, education, water, capacity building, and support for scientific research. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on questionnaires distributed to a sample of beneficiaries and employees. It focuses on measuring community responses concerning the extent to which these programs contribute to improving living conditions, supporting community projects, and achieving public benefit. This axis is considered one of the fundamental components in evaluating the effectiveness of these programs, their alignment with the aspirations of local communities, and their impact on sustainable development in its various dimensions. Furthermore, the study recommended aligning corporate CSR initiatives with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure that institutional efforts are consistent with global development frameworks. It also emphasized the need for the governments to play a more active role in regulating CSR activities in companies and institutions, through the enactment of binding legislation that defines CSR frameworks. The study called for systematic support to be allocated within corporate CSR budgets to promote scientific research in Sudanese universities, through the establishment of joint research funding mechanisms. Additionally, the study recommended allocating budgets for emergencies and disasters, and transforming CSR from a developmental arm into an existential sensor for society.

الحقوق المالية في الفقه الإسلامي وتطبيقاتها في القانون السوداني

رنده محمود أحمد ناصر — 2026-01-15

This study dealt with financial rights, and the importance of the study stemmed from the fact that the real goal for which the judiciary came is to deliver the rights to their people , and there is no value for these rights unless the law guarantees those concerned to claim them or indicate leaving them if there is a projected for them, and it aimed to identify the rights under the provisions of jurisprudence and law, but the problem of the study was to indicate the provisions that the judiciary should take into account when considering issues related to financial rights, and then indicate the reasons for the projected for these rights, the study followed a descriptive and analytical approach, and the study reached several results, the most important of which are: : Based on these results, the study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are : paying attention to the rights of women, whether they are mothers, sisters, daughters or wives, because Islam has honored and recognized these rights, and, first of all, the need to adopt the provisions of Islamic law, as it provides an answer to every question .

The Principle of Legality in Sudanese Law

عادل عبد الحميد عامر محمد علي — 2026-01-15

Study investigate the principle of legality in Sudanese law, which aims to protect the rights of individuals against the administrative authorities. It aimed to clarify the concept of the principle of legality and clarify judicial oversight over it and its mechanisms. The importance of the study lies in the fact that this principle obliges the administrative authorities in the state to ensure that all their actions, activities and decisions are in accordance with the law, thus protecting the rights of individuals.. The problem of the study was that the principle of legality is subject to judicial oversight in the state, but it is not absolute, as there are actions that are not subject to this principle even though they relate to the rights of individuals. The study used the analytical descriptive method. The study reached several findings, the most important of which are: There are some administrative actions that fall outside the scope of judicial control to apply the principle of legality, which are acts of sovereignty, exceptional circumstances (state of necessity), and the unrestricted authority of the administration, which is proven to it when its course is not specified or stipulated in the law. There are conditions for achieving the principle of legality, which is defining the powers and competencies of the administration, applying the principle of separation of powers, and the presence of judicial oversight of the administrative authorities. There are means to protect the principle of legality, which are claims for cancellation, compensation, and interpretation. The study recommends the necessity of stipulating the principle of legality in the future Sudanese constitution, expanding it, reducing the exceptions to it, clarifying the powers and authorities of the central and state administration, paying attention to studying administrative law and administrative judiciary in Sudanese law, holding workshops and conferences on the work of the administration, and clarifying the legal aspects governing it and monitoring it

The Impact of Organizational Culture on the Performance of Internal Auditing in Family-Owned Businesses: A Field Study on a Sample of Family Companies in Sudan

عبد المجيد محمد احمد بخيت موسى — 2026-01-15

This study aimed at exploring the impact of organizational culture—represented by its dimensions (work values, leadership style, organizational communication, and organizational commitment)—on the performance of internal auditing in family-owned businesses. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The sample consisted of 122 participants, including internal auditors and managerial leaders working in family businesses across Sudan.The findings revealed a statistically significant impact of the dimensions of organizational culture on the performance of internal auditing in family businesses in Sudan, with an overall effect rate of 96.7%. This underscores the critical role organizational culture plays in enhancing the quality of internal auditing. Notably, the study indicated that the pattern of organizational communication has a negative and statistically significant effect on the performance of internal auditing, with an impact coefficient of 35.5%. This suggests that communication channels within these companies face challenges that hinder improvements in internal audit performance. The study recommends the enhancement of organizational communication methods to ensure greater clarity, interactivity, and bidirectional exchange, thereby mitigating the negative effects on internal audit performance. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of strengthening organizational culture dimensions through developmental training programs, given their direct impact on improving internal audit performance in Sudanese family-owned businesses.

Administrative Requirements for E-Management

حامد محمد آدم محمد سعيد حامد — 2026-01-15

This study examined the administrative requirements for implementing emanagement in government institutions. It followed a descriptive analytical approach and aimed to identify the fundamental administrative requirements for applying e-management in government institutions. The study emphasized the importance of adopting e-management instead of traditional management to facilitate access to data and information for making appropriate decisions. The study hypothesized that there is a statistically significant relationship between the implementation of electronic transactions and administrative performance in the Collection Department at the Ministry of Finance . Key Findings There is a positive relationship between electronic planning and administrative performance in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency in the Collection Department at the Ministry of Finance Main Recommendations- Adopt a comprehensive digital transformation strategy that includes all levels of management within the Ministry of Finance and the Collection Department to ensure integration between departments.KeywordsE-management, administrative requirements, information technology, electronic transactions, digital transformation

The Impact of Women's Political Participation in Sudan a Case Study of (Khartoum State)

عباس مبارك محمد خلف الله الكنزي — 2026-01-15

This study aims at analyzing the factors affecting the political participation of Sudanese women in Khartoum State, focusing on three main areas: legislation and policies, social and cultural factors, and the role of local and international organizations. The study relied on the descriptive analytical method using the questionnaire and interview tools, and the research sample included 200 politically active women in Khartoum State. The results revealed that the quota system (25%) stipulated in the 2005 constitution contributed to increasing women's representation, but its effectiveness remained limited due to obstacles related to the social environment and structural discrimination. The study also indicated that the level of education plays a crucial role in enhancing political participation, with those holding a university or postgraduate education making up 57.5% of the research sample. The study recommended the necessity of raising the quota to 30% while strengthening implementation mechanisms, launching extensive community awareness programs, and providing financial and training support for female candidates. It also emphasized the importance of amending certain legislative texts that still pose an obstacle to the full participation of women in political life.

Causes and Protection from the Punishment of the Grave

شهاب الدين محمد نبيل محمد السيد — 2026-01-15

The grave is the first abode of the Hereafter; if a person's deeds were righteous, it becomes a garden from the gardens of Paradise, and if they were corrupt, it becomes a pit from the pits of Hell. Many hadiths in the prophetic tradition warn of the torment of the grave and give glad tidings of salvation from it to those who adhere to God's commands. The study aims to clarify the certainty of the torment and bliss of the grave as established in the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and to explain the deeds that cause torment and the deeds that save from it, while promoting Islamic behavior that prepares a Muslim for salvation in the Hereafter. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach, relying on the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah and the opinions of scholars. The study followed the descriptive-analytical approach based on the texts of the Qur'an and Sunnah and the opinions of scholars. The torment and bliss of the grave are an established reality that must be believed in. Worldly deeds are a direct cause of either torment or salvation. Belief in the punishment of the grave strengthens piety and righteous behavior. Among the recommendations reached by the study are: enhancing doctrinal awareness of these issues in educational curricula, reminding people of the afterlife to instill piety, and encouraging specialized research on topics related to the intermediate realm and the life after death.

Audience attitudes toward Sudanese television's coverage of the Sudanese war, April 2023-April 2024. (A survey of a sample of the public in River Nile State)

حسن يوسف أحمد — 2026-01-15

This study aims to identify the audience attitudes towards the Sudanese television coverage of the Sudanese war events April 2023 - April 2024 among the River Nile State audience, and to reveal how they are exposed to this coverage, the programs preferred by these audiences, and the most important programs they are keen to follow. The study relied on the survey approach. To achieve the study objectives, an available sample of 75 respondents was selected. The researchers designed a questionnaire consisting of five axes: the first axis: personal data; the second axis: credibility and balance in coverage; the third axis: quality of media content; the fourth axis: the impact of coverage on the audience and public opinion; and the fifth axis: comparison and future expectations. The study consists of the methodological framework of the study, the theoretical framework of the study, and the applied study. The most important results of the study are that most of the sample members rated the credibility of media coverage and neutrality on Sudanese television as average or low, and that the public considered that television does not always include all parties and does not adequately present multiple viewpoints. The most important recommendations of the study are to enhance the credibility and objectivity of media coverage by adhering to facts and professional neutrality, and expanding the scope of presenting diverse viewpoints for all parties to ensure comprehensive and balanced coverage

Independence of Internal Audit and Its Role in Evaluating Performance in Government Units

أحمد علي أحمد فقير — 2026-01-15

The problem of the study represented in the independence of Internal Auditing and its role in the evaluation of performance. The study aimed to identify the role of internal auditing independence on the evaluation of performance. To achieve this objective a questionnaire has been designed. The data has been analyzed and many results have been reached، the important of which are: The independence of internal auditing leads to efficiency of performance. The independence of internal auditor from the activities which have been audited by him enables him to perform his work objectively. The study concluded with many recommendations، the most importance of them which are; the Internal Auditing department should follow to higher level of Organization in the State, the importance of constitution of professional body concern with organization of Internal Auditing profession in Sudan

The Impact of Applying the Islamic Financial Institution Accounting Standard No (8) on Lease and lease Ending with Ownership on the performance of Sudanese Banks

محمود محمد احمد حسن — 2026-01-15

The study aimed at identifying the way for the standard and identification of the reasons and problems that hinder the application of the standard and to strengthen and highlight the benefits provided by the application of this standard and provide solutions to the problems presented by its application, the study of analytical descriptive approaches The questionnaire as a major tool for collecting data from a sample of Sudanese Islamic banks. The data was analyzed using the SPR program to estimate the computational circles and test the hypotheses and concluded the study of the implementation of the standard for the performance of Sudanese banks in terms of capital adequacy indicator and achievement of excellent profits and commitment by banks Sudan is implementing an Islamic standard No. 8 Ijara and the completion ended up. The presence of clear and configurable laws and legislation requires Sudanese banks to implement the standard. The application of the criterion of Ijarah and Emergency Endoscope contributes to increased user confidence for lists and recommended the study necessitated by the Sudanese financial system in the adoption of Islamic banking, which depends on the application of accounting and auditing standards for Islamic financial institutions. The Shari'a Control Authority shall oblige Sudanese banks to apply all the requirements of the Islamic Standard No. (8). Make use of leasing and trade contracts for ownership in financing various economic projects and the development of accounting standards for Islamic financial institutions to formats and new financial instruments to keep pace with continuous economic development

Passive Voice in Medical Writing

Mohamed Abdel Fattah Saeed Kafi — 2026-01-15

Many writers consider the passive voice to be the standard form of scientific writing, the thing that affects the other writers’ choice of language structure along with the readers’ perception. In this paper, the writer discusses the notion of passive voice in scientific writing with reference to the medical writing as a case study.

The writer built this paper on an objective to prove that the standardization theory of passive voice in scientific writing is just a fallacy. To achieve that, the quantitative method is used through selecting a random group of Medical Sciences students who are in their graduate year. The group had a test to know if they can easily deal with passive voice or not. Then they have read two passages that one of them consists of passive voice sentences and the other one contains only active voice sentences. The examinees have drawn a comparison between the two sentences according to the given questions.

The results have shown that only 33% have passed the test leaving 67% behind.

Nevertheless, the questionnaire has come to cement the results of the test by showing the preference the examinees have for the Active voice writing over the Passive.

The Impact of Tax Revenues on Economic Growth in Sudan during the Period 1990-2021

ابتسام الطيب الجاك — 2026-01-15

The study aimed to measure the impact of both direct and indirect taxes on economic growth in Sudan during the period from 1990 to 2021. The econometric approach was adopted to estimate the regression parameters between the independent variables—namely, direct and indirect taxes—and the dependent variable, represented by real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This was done through unit root and cointegration tests of the time series data using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology. The study's data were obtained from various reports of the Central Bank of Sudan. The study reached the following findings: an increase in direct taxes led to a rise in real GDP in the short term but a decline in the long term. Meanwhile, the coefficient of indirect taxes showed a statistically significant positive effect in the long term, while no significant effect was observed in the short term. The study recommended activating the role of taxation and encouraging taxpayers by exempting projects that contribute to employing a larger number of unemployed individuals, highlighting the importance of work, and supporting scientific institutions that promote and support agriculture and industry. It also recommended curbing the growth of consumption, especially of luxury goods, and ensuring a conducive economic environment.